楢娭偲慻傒姺偊
丂堦斒偵偁傞俀偮偺堚揱巕娫偺楢娭偼尨懃偲偟偰帗梇偵傛傞嵎偼柍偄丅懡彮偺惈嵎偑曬崘偝傟偨傕偺偑側偄偺偱偼側偔丆僩僂儌儘僐僔丆僶僢僞丆儅僂僗摍偱丆岎嵆棪偑悢亾帗梇娫偱嵎偑傒傜傟傞偙偲偑曬崘偝傟偰偄傞丅
椺奜丂僔儑僂僕儑僂僶僄丟帗偱岎嵆偑偍偙傝丆梇偱偼婲偙傜側偄(1912,儌儖僈儞乯丅
丂丂丂丂僇僀僐丟帗偱岎嵆偑婲偙傜偢丆梇偱偼婲偙傞乮1913,揷拞乯
仠僇僀僐偺斄栦偲懱怓傪棙梡偟偨楢娭偲慻傒懼偊
Ze(屨嶾)偲lem(谟�)偼偲傕偵戞3楢娭孮偵懏偟丆偦傟偧傟 1.5媦傃22.3偵嵗埵偡傞丅
E宯摑(屨嶾丒惓忢懱怓;Ze 亄lem /Ze 亄lem乯偲F宯摑乮儗儌儞;+ Zelem /+ Zelem乯偺
俥1(屨嶾丒惓忢懱怓;Ze 亄lem /+ Zelem乯偵F宯摑(谟�;+Ze lem /+Ze lem)傪栠偟岎嶨偟偨師戙偺梒拵斄栦偲懱怓傪挷嵏偡傞偙偲偵傛偭偰丆堚揱巕偺楢娭偲慻傒懼偊偺婲偙傞偙偲傪娤嶡偟丆椉懳棫堚揱巕(Ze乣lem)偺慻傒懼偊棪傪媮傔傞帠偑偱偒傞丅
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| 宯摑柤丗宍幙 | E宯摑丗屨嶾丒惓忢懱怓 | F宯摑丗惓忢斄栦丒儗儌儞 | ||
| 堚揱巕宆 | Ze 亄lem/Ze 亄lem | 亄Ze lem /亄Ze lem | ||
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| F侾丗屨嶾丒惓忢懱怓 | ||||
| Ze 亄lem/亄Ze lem | ||||
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丂岎嶨宍幃(A), (B), 偺斄栦偲懱怓(屨嶾斄栦偺桳柍偲儗儌儞懱怓偺桳柍)傪挷嵏偟偰丆慻傒懼偊棪傪嶼弌偡傞丅
| (A).乮E宯摑亊F宯摑乯亊F宯摑丂 | |||||
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| F侾偺帗 | 丗 | 屨嶾丒惓忢懱怓 | F宯摑偺亯丗惓忢斄栦丒儗儌儞 | ||
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| 屨嶾丒惓忢懱怓 | 惓忢斄栦丒儗儌儞 | 屨嶾丒儗儌儞 | 惓忢斄栦丒惓忢懱怓 | ||
| 旕岎嵆宆 | 旕岎嵆宆 | 岎嵆宆 | 岎嵆宆 | ||
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弌尰偟側偄 | 弌尰偟側偄 | ||
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| (B). F宯摑亊(E宯摑亊F宯摑) | |||||
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| F宯摑偺帗 | 丗 | 惓忢斄栦丒儗儌儞 | F侾偺亯丗屨嶾丒惓忢懱怓 | ||
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| 屨嶾丒惓忢懱怓 | 惓忢斄栦丒儗儌儞 | 屨嶾丒儗儌儞 | 惓忢斄栦丒惓忢懱怓 | ||
| 旕岎嵆宆 | 旕岎嵆宆 | 岎嵆宆 | 岎嵆宆 | ||
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慻傒姺偊抣偼丂乽挷嵏屄懱悢乿偵懳偡傞乽慻傒姺偊屄懱悢乿偺妱崌乮亾乯側偺偱忋昞偺寢壥偐傜
丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂 乮屨嶾丒儗儌儞屄懱悢+惓忢斄栦丒惓忢懱怓悢乯/乮挷嵏屄懱悢乯亊100
丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂亖乮93+82乯/乮464+429+93+82乯亊100
丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂亖16.4亾丂偲側傞丅
仠僇僀僐偺棏怓傪棙梡偟偨楢娭偲慻傒懼偊
丂pe(扺愒娽敀棏)偲re(愒棏)偼偲傕偵戞5楢娭孮偵懏偟丆偦傟偧傟 0.0媦傃31.7偵嵗埵偡傞丅俛摑乮惓忢棏;+pe +re/+pe +re乯偲俢宯摑乮pe re / pere )偺俥1 偵俢宯摑傪栠偟岎嶨偟偨師戙棏丆傑偨偼俥2 偺棏怓傪挷嵏偡傞偙偲偵傛偭偰丆堚揱巕偺楢娭偲慻傒懼偊偺婲偙傞偙偲傪娤嶡偟丆椉懳棫堚揱巕乮pe偲re )偺慻傒懼偊棪傪媮傔傞帠偑偱偒傞丅
| 宯摑柤 | 宍丂幙 | 堚揱巕宆 |
| 俛宯摑 | 惓忢棏 | +pe +re/+pe +re |
| 俢宯摑 | 敀丂棏 | pe re/ pe re |
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| 宯摑柤丗宍幙 | D宯摑丗扺愒娽敀棏 | B宯摑丗惓忢 | |
| 堚揱巕宆 | pe re/ pe re | +pe +re/+pe +re | |
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| F侾丗惓忢 pe re/+pe +re |
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| 岎嶨宍幃 | 嶻壓棏 | |
| (1). | 丂丂丂 丂丂丂丂丂俢宯摑亊(俢宯摑亊俛宯摑)  |
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| (2). |  丂丂 丂(俢宯摑亊俛宯摑乯亊俢宯摑  |
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| (3). | 丂丂丂 (俢宯摑亊俛宯摑)亊俢宯摑亊俛宯摑)俥2  |
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| 仠岎嶨宍幃(1), (2), (3)偺棏怓傪挷嵏偟偰丆慻傒懼偊棪傪嶼弌偡傞丅 | ||
丂宍幙乮昞尰宆乯偱岎嵆宆偲偟偰幆暿偱偒傞偺偼愒棏偩偗偱偁傝丆偦偺妱崌偼慡岎嵆宆悢乮値亄値乯偺 1/2偵偁偨傞丅傛偭偰 pe-re娫偺慻傒懼偊棪偼師幃偵傛偭偰媮傔傜傟傞丅
丂丂慻傒懼偊棪(%)= 100亊(n+n)/(m+m+n+n)=100亊俀亊乮愒棏悢乯/乮慡娤嶡棏悢乯
仢 pe 偼 re 偺忋埵偵偁傞偺偱乮pe +re/
pe +re乯, ( pe
+re/ pe re),
(pe re/ pe re )偺屄懱(棏乯偼乮 re 偵娭傢傜偢乯敀棏偲側傞丅 丂偮傑傝丄pe 偑儂儌宆偵側傞偲re偵娭傢傜偢敀棏丄+pe
+re偺椉曽傪帩偮偲惓忢棏偵側傞丅
嶲峫彂丂嶨庬怉暔偺尋媶/儊儞僨儖乮娾攇暥屔丄420墌乯
偦偺懠嶲峫彂丆壠嶾惗壔妛乛埳摗抭晇丆崺拵堚揱妛乛揷拞媊枦丆壠嶾堚揱妛乛揷拞媊枦丆憤崌嶾巺妛丂乛暉揷婭暥側偳
栠傞
丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂丂